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1.
Acta méd. colomb ; 41(2): 141-143, abr.-jun. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-949499

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se describe el caso de un paciente masculino de 35 años de edad, que se presenta con un tuberculoma intramedular torácico, con diagnóstico de VIH (Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana) de seis años de evolución y dos meses antes TB (tuberculosis) pulmonar; su manejo médico y HAART (terapia antirretroviral altamente efectiva) sin adecuada adherencia. Se describe la contribución al diagnóstico de la RM (resonancia magnética), en la cual se visualiza área de mielitis focal en T10 que se marca intensamente con el medio de contraste, imagen que sugiere infección por TB. El tuberculoma intramedular es raro, pero debe ser considerado como diagnóstico diferencial de síntomas compresivos medulares en pacientes infectados por VIH, de evolución no clara y estudios del líquido cefalorraquídeo negativos. (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 41: 141-143).


Abstract The case of a 35 years old male patient with a thoracic intramedullary tuberculoma, with diagnosis of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) of six years of evolution and of pulmonary TB (tuberculosis) two months before, is presented; he had medical management and HAART (highly effective anti retroviral therapy) without proper adhesion. The contribution of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to the diagnosis, in which an image of focal area of myelitis in T10 intensely marked with contrast medium, suggests TB infection, is described. The intramedullary tuberculoma is rare, but should be considered as a differential diagnosis of symptoms of spinal cord compression in HIV-infected patients with no clear evolution and negative cerebrospinal fluid studies. (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 41: 141-143).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tuberculoma , Tuberculosis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Central Nervous System
2.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 34(2): 166-169, jun. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1992

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite advances in treatment, resistant strains and unusual sites of involvement have been diagnosed. We present a case of a 13-year-old patient in treatment for tuberculous meningitis who presented with progressive paraparesis. The MRI showed two intramedullary nodular lesions at T4­T6 levels, isointense with annular hyperintensity on T1W, hypointense on T2W, becoming hypointense with ring enhancement after contrast. These characteristics differ from those usually described for intramedullary tuberculomas. Surgical excision was performed, confirming the diagnosis of intramedullary tuberculoma. The formation of intramedullary tuberculomas is rare, with a ratio of two cases per thousand diagnosed with CNS tuberculosis, and the thoracic spine is most frequently affected. The clinical picture is of progressive subacute spinal cord compression, and it may lead to paraplegia. At MRI, the lesion in early stage appears as hypointense rings on T1W and hyperintense on T2W, with homogeneous enhancement after contrast. After the formation of the solid caseous granuloma, it becomes isointense on T1W and hypointense on T2W with homogeneous enhancement after contrast. When the center of the granuloma becomes liquefied, it shows hypointense sign on T1W and hyperintense with peripheral enhancement on T2W. The treatment of choice is medical, with the current protocol including rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Surgery is reserved for cases of progressive neurologic deficits or for diagnostic confirmation. Although benign and potentially curable, intramedullary tuberculoma should be promptly diagnosed and treated to prevent irreversible damage.


A tuberculose é uma infecção bacteriana crônica causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Apesar dos avanços no tratamento, cepas resistentes e locais incomuns de envolvimento vêm sendo diagnosticados. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 13 anos de idade, em tratamento para meningite tuberculosa que se apresentou com paraparesia progressiva. A ressonância magnética mostrou duas lesões nodulares intramedulares no nível de T4­T6, isointensas com bordos hiperintensos em T1, hipointensos em T2, tornando-se hipointensos com realce anelar após contraste. Essas características diferem daquelas usualmente descritas para tuberculomas intramedulares. Foi realizada a excisão cirúrgica, confirmando o diagnóstico de tuberculoma intramedular. A formação de tuberculomas intramedulares é rara, com uma proporção de dois casos por mil diagnosticados com tuberculose do sistema nervoso central (SNC), e a coluna torácica é a mais frequentemente acometida. O quadro clínico é de compressão da medula espinal progressiva subaguda, podendo levar à paraplegia. Na ressonância magnética, a lesão em fase inicial aparece como anéis hipointensos em T1 e hiperintensos em T2, com realce homogêneo após contraste. Após a formação do granuloma caseoso sólido, torna-se isointensa em T1 e hipointensa em T2, com realce homogêneo após contraste. Quando o centro do granuloma torna-se liquefeito, mostra sinal hipointenso em T1 e hiperintenso com realce periférico em T2. O tratamento de escolha é medicamentoso, com o protocolo corrente de rifampicina, isoniazida, pirazinamida e etambutol. A cirurgia é reservada para os casos de déficit neurológico progressivo ou para confirmação diagnóstica. Embora benigna e potencialmente curável, deve ser diagnosticada e tratada para evitar danos irreversíveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/therapy , Tuberculoma, Intracranial/diagnosis
3.
Infectio ; 15(2): 124-128, abr.-jun. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635683

ABSTRACT

Presentamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 26 años de edad, con compromiso subagudo de la fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores y retención urinaria. Se documentó la presencia de un tuberculoma intramedular para el que recibió tratamiento antituberculoso y corticosteroides, obteniéndose resolución total de los síntomas. Al final se hace una corta revisión de la literatura científica.


We present the case of a 26 year old male patient, with a subacute compromise of muscle strength in his lower limbs and urinary retention. The presence of an intramedullary tuberculoma was documented. The patient received corticosteroids and anti-tuberculous therapy, with a total resolution of the symptoms. A short a literature review is also included.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tuberculoma , Urinary Retention , Muscle Strength , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Lower Extremity
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